Características fisiológicas e qualidade dos frutos de acessos de umbuzeiro e umbu-cajazeira da coleção do ifbaiano, campus guanambi - ba

Abstract

The umbuzeiro tree and umbu-cajazeira tree are considered genetic resources of great regional importance due to resistance to drought and generation of income to family farmers. However, both species demand information on the characteristics of potential accesses for commercial implantation and preservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotechnical, physiological and fruit quality characteristics of 15 umbuzeiro tree and one umbu-cajazeira tree accesses, present in the IFBAIANO Collection, Guanambi-BA Campus. The treatments, 16 accesses: BGU-44, BGU-45, BGU-47, BGU-48, BGU-50, BGU-75, EPAMIG-01, EPAMIG-03, EPAMIG-04, EPAMIG-05, EPAMIG-06, EPAMIG-07, EPAMIG-09, EPAMIG-13, umbuzeiro of unknown origin and umbu-cajazeira Princess Were vii arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with three replicates, consisting of one plant each. The phytotechnical characteristics of the at five, eighte, nine and 10 years; the physiological characteristics along the evaluation dates of plants: the contents of nutrients in the leaves, in the phases of leaf flow and leaf senescence, in the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017, the retranslocation rate of nutrients of N, P, K and Mg ;and the physical, physicalchemical and chemical characteristics of the fruit. The accesses BGU-44, BGU-45, BGU-47 and EPAMIG-07 expressed lower height, while BGU-50, EPAMIG-03 and EPAMIG-13 revealed greater value of larger crown diameter. The Chlorophyll fluorescence indicated that the EPAMIG-01, EPAMIG-04, EPAMIG-13, BGU-45, BGU-47 and umbu-cajazeira Princesa revealed higher photochemical efficiency in photosystem II under local edaphoclimatic conditions compared to other accessions. The accessions denoted mean nutrient contents in leaf, expressed in g kg-1: de: 28,6; 2,0; 9,5; 2,5; 27,6 e 4,20 for N, P, K, S, Ca, e Mg, respectivamente; and in mg kg-1 of: 86,22; 3,52; 103,61; 60,2; 16,0 and 82,12 for B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Na, respectively. The BGU-75, EPAMIG-01 and BGU-50, showed larger fruits, being the first two accessions of greater mass of the fruit. While BGU-44, BGU-45, BGU-47, BGU-50, BGU-75, EPAMIG-03, EPAMIG-04, EPAMIG-05 and EPAMIG-13 revealed higher pulp yield. The BGU-48, BGU-50, BGU-75, EPAMIG-04, EPAMIG-06, EPAMIG-07, EPAMIG-9, umbu-cajazeira Princesa and umbuzeiro of unknown origins tood out for the greater, indicated by the ratio in solubles solid/titratable acidity. The EPAMIG-05 and EPAMIG-13 accessions revealed higher pH, desirable for in natura consumption, whereas BGU-75, BGU-50, EPAMIG-07 and umbu-cajazeira Princesa indicated lower pH more favorable conservation in agroindustrial activity. The accessions presented average ascorbic acid content 30,47 mg 100 g-1 of pulp. The accessions EPAMIG-04 and EPAMIG-06 showed higher total extractable polyphenols, whereas BGU-45, BGU-44, EPAMIG-09, EPAMIG-04, EPAMIG-05 and EPAMIG-06 showed higher antioxidant activity. It is concluded that the some accesses have potential for consumption in natura and others for industrialization, stand out the BGU-75, for associating the characteristics of bigger size, bigger mass of the fruit, higher yield, greater flesh firmness and be sweeter, EPAMIG-01 also by the greater fruit mass and firmness of pulp, EPAMIG-06 and EPAMIG-04, due to the antioxidant potential demonstrated total extractable polyphenols contents and antioxidant.