Rendimento e taxa de sobrevivência da palma forrageira gigante, cultivada com aplicação de água residuária

Abstract

With the water instability of the semi-arid, the man of the field faces constraints in the production of fodder in the periods of prolonged droughts; from this perspective, the forage palm, being a xerophytic plant and enduring prolonged periods of drought, can become a viable alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and survival rate of the giant forage palm (Opuntia fícus indica) cultivated with the application of wastewater under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Guanambi, Bahia. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural sector of the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology Baiano Guanambi campus, located in the municipality of Guanambi, Bahia, between October 2015 and August 2017. The experiment was installed in a randomized complete block design , with six treatments and five replicates: (T1) without organic fertilization and without irrigation (SA_SI); (T2) without organic fertilization and irrigation with wastewater applying 0,6 L plant-1 week-1 (AR0,6); (T3) without organic fertilization and irrigation with wastewater applying 1,2 L plant-1 week-1 (AR1,2); (T4) without organic fertilization and irrigation with residual water applying 1,2 L plant-1 week-1 , divided in two weekly applications (AR1,2/2); (T5) with organic fertilization by applying 60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure, before planting and irrigation with well water 1,2 L plant-1 week-1 (AP1,2); and (T6) with organic fertilization applying 60 Mg ha-1 of bovine manure, before planting and without irrigation (CA_SI); totaling 30 experimental units. According to the results, it can be concluded that: (i) the application of wastewater increases the yield of the giant forage palm (Opuntia fícus indica) when compared to the rainfed crop; (ii) the application of wastewater becomes another alternative, as a management method in the cultivation of giant forage palm (Opuntia fícus indica); and (iii) the application of 0,6 liters of water once a week is sufficient to increase the survival rate of the giant forage palm (Opuntia ficus indica) under prolonged drought conditions.