Estudo de áreas prioritárias para conservação na sede do município de Camaçari - Ba

Abstract

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most biodiverse biomes on Earth. It is one of the 36 hotspots worldwide for biodiversity conservation, being one of the most degraded biomes in the world. All of this degradation is the result of a history of intensive occupation and exploitation that has left only about 12% of the native vegetation in its original coverage area. Among the hundreds of towns located within the boundaries of this biome is Camaçari, a municipality belonging to the metropolitan region, located on the northern coast of Bahia, about 42 km from the capital, Salvador. As in most cities within the sphere of influence of this biome, the situation of the Atlantic Forest in Camaçari is worrisome, as the city has experienced dizzying growth since the establishment of the petrochemical pole. Initially due to the changes imposed by the industry and more recently because it has become a growth vector of the metropolitan region, which has led to the development of areas for trade, services and even for the industry itself, which continues to develop, focusing on the development of residential properties for all social classes Although this growth brings positive impacts for the city, especially in its economy, the negative impacts on the natural environment are great, since,and ste has been suppressed, without ensuring its importance for local sustainability. One of the main negative impacts of this process is the fragmentation of the landscape with the loss of habitats and consequently biodiversity. At the same time, ecosystem services essential for human well-being are being lost. In order to analyze the real situation of the landscape of the Headquarters District, and propose solutions for its conservation, this work identified the remnants of the Atlantic Forest of the of Camaçari Headquarters, using as a data base the form of SOSMATA /INPE (2020), on which the landscape metrics (size, shape, Euclidean distance, edge, core area and fractal dimension) were analyzed in the Qgis 2.22. In parallel, data of water bodies and water masses (according to the FBDS survey) were collected to evaluate their relationship with the Atlantic Forest remnants. The results showed extremely fragmented vegetation, whose metric values are a warning signal of the imminent extinction of these fragments; most fragments are located near APPs or have water resources at their boundaries. It was concluded that it is necessary and urgent to implement public policies to ensure the conservation of all fragments in the Camaçari headquarters, by establishing Conservation Units and ecological corridors that ensure the conservation of biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services to citizens.

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most biodiverse biomes on Earth. It is one of the 36 hotspots worldwide for biodiversity conservation, being one of the most degraded biomes in the world. All of this degradation is the result of a history of intensive occupation and exploitation that has left only about 12% of the native vegetation in its original coverage area. Among the hundreds of towns located within the boundaries of this biome is Camaçari, a municipality belonging to the metropolitan region, located on the northern coast of Bahia, about 42 km from the capital, Salvador. As in most cities within the sphere of influence of this biome, the situation of the Atlantic Forest in Camaçari is worrisome, as the city has experienced dizzying growth since the establishment of the petrochemical pole. Initially due to the changes imposed by the industry and more recently because it has become a growth vector of the metropolitan region, which has led to the development of areas for trade, services and even for the industry itself, which continues to develop, focusing on the development of residential properties for all social classes Although this growth brings positive impacts for the city, especially in its economy, the negative impacts on the natural environment are great, since,and ste has been suppressed, without ensuring its importance for local sustainability. One of the main negative impacts of this process is the fragmentation of the landscape with the loss of habitats and consequently biodiversity. At the same time, ecosystem services essential for human well-being are being lost. In order to analyze the real situation of the landscape of the Headquarters District, and propose solutions for its conservation, this work identified the remnants of the Atlantic Forest of the of Camaçari Headquarters, using as a data base the form of SOSMATA /INPE (2020), on which the landscape metrics (size, shape, Euclidean distance, edge, core area and fractal dimension) were analyzed in the Qgis 2.22. In parallel, data of water bodies and water masses (according to the FBDS survey) were collected to evaluate their relationship with the Atlantic Forest remnants. The results showed extremely fragmented vegetation, whose metric values are a warning signal of the imminent extinction of these fragments; most fragments are located near APPs or have water resources at their boundaries. It was concluded that it is necessary and urgent to implement public policies to ensure the conservation of all fragments in the Camaçari headquarters, by establishing Conservation Units and ecological corridors that ensure the conservation of biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services to citizens.