Supressão vegetal e poluição de solos por ferro em área afetada por rejeito de mineração proveniente do rompimento da barragem de Mariana- MG

Abstract

The state of Minas Gerais is marked by a large amount of ore extraction, mainly iron, and consequently, major environmental tragedies. Given this reality, the study aimed to quantify plant suppression and characterize the current condition of the soil and vegetation in areas affected as a result of the spill from the tailings dam originating from iron mining in Minas Gerais in 2015. The methodology is composed of a mixed approach, through bibliographic review and soil analysis, presenting data quantitative and qualitative information about vegetation suppression caused in the short and long term after spillage of tailings from the Fundão dam in Mariana-MG. It was found that three species plants have become threatened and in a vulnerable category in the areas covered by the dam spill. Regarding the chemical effects on the soil, it is highlighted that the concentration of Iron (Fe) presented a content five times higher than the value considered high, that is, above 45. Fe, although essential for plants, in excess in the soil causes damage to the development, hinders the absorption of minerals and causes a nutritional imbalance in vegetables. Finally, the use of ectomycorrhizae is discussed as a likely viable alternative for decontamination of soils with the presence of heavy metals, as found in this study. It is expected that data found will support the planning of monitoring and mitigation of possible impacts in areas impacted by environmental tragedies resulting from mining activities.